Cannabis use is on the rise globally, thanks to increasing legalization and growing recognition of its therapeutic potential. However, as more people explore cannabis for both recreational and medicinal purposes, it’s crucial to understand not just its benefits but also its potential drawbacks. One of the most unpleasant side effects users may encounter is an episode known as “greening out.” This comprehensive guide will explain what greening out means, why it occurs, how to prevent it, and the best steps to take if it happens to you or someone you know.
What Is “Greening Out”?
“Greening out”—sometimes called “white out”—refers to an adverse reaction experienced after consuming too much cannabis, especially products high in THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the main psychoactive component of marijuana. The phenomenon can affect both novice and seasoned users, though it’s more common among those with low tolerance or individuals experimenting with potent cannabis edibles or concentrates for the first time.
When someone greens out, their body and mind become overwhelmed by the effects of THC, resulting in a range of uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms. This reaction is not fatal, but it can be distressing and, in rare cases, may require medical attention. Understanding the science and causes behind greening out is essential for anyone looking to enjoy cannabis responsibly.
Recognizing the Symptoms of “Greening Out”
Identifying the signs of greening out can help you take action quickly and minimize discomfort. The symptoms typically appear shortly after consuming cannabis, especially when the dosage is too high for the user’s tolerance level. Here are the most common symptoms associated with greening out:
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Nausea & Vomiting | Feeling queasy or actually vomiting is one of the hallmark symptoms of greening out, particularly after ingesting edibles. |
| Dizziness & Lightheadedness | Users may feel as if the room is spinning, struggle to stand or walk, and experience general unsteadiness. |
| Headache | Dehydration or THC overconsumption can trigger mild to severe headaches during a green out episode. |
| Sweating & Clammy Skin | Increased perspiration and clamminess often accompany the body’s stress response to excess THC. |
| Rapid Heart Rate | Palpitations and a racing heart are common as THC stimulates the cardiovascular system. |
| Anxiety & Panic Attacks | Some users may feel intensely anxious, paranoid, or even experience panic attacks during a green out. |
It’s important to note that not everyone will experience all these symptoms, and the severity can vary depending on individual factors such as metabolism, body weight, and prior cannabis use.
Main Causes of “Greening Out”
The primary reason behind greening out is the overconsumption of THC, but several factors can increase the risk:
- Method of Consumption: Smoking or vaping cannabis allows users to feel the effects almost immediately, making it easier to gauge when to stop. In contrast, edibles are notorious for delayed onset—sometimes taking up to two hours to kick in—which can lead to unintentional overconsumption. Learn more about how cannabis affects the body from the CDC.
- Lack of Experience: New users may not understand their tolerance levels or how to interpret the effects of THC, putting them at higher risk of greening out, especially with potent strains or products.
- Physical Health Factors: Body weight, metabolism, and underlying health conditions can all influence how someone responds to cannabis. People with certain sensitivities or medical issues may be more prone to adverse reactions.
- Mixing Substances: Combining cannabis with alcohol or other substances can intensify its effects and increase the risk of negative side effects, including greening out.
- THC Potency: High-THC strains and concentrates are more likely to cause overwhelming effects, especially for those with low tolerance.
How Long Does “Greening Out” Last?
The duration of a green out episode varies from person to person, largely depending on the amount of THC consumed, the method of ingestion, and individual factors. Typically, symptoms last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours. When cannabis is smoked or vaped, effects usually dissipate faster, while edibles can result in prolonged discomfort due to their slow absorption and extended metabolism in the digestive system.
For most people, the worst symptoms subside within four to six hours. However, mild aftereffects like fatigue or grogginess can linger for up to a day. If symptoms persist beyond 24 hours, it’s advisable to seek medical advice, as this could indicate the presence of contaminants or an underlying health issue.
Prevention: How to Avoid “Greening Out”
Preventing greening out is possible with mindful consumption and awareness of personal limits. Here are effective strategies to minimize the risk:
- Know Your Limits: If you have prior experience with cannabis, stick to dosages and products that have worked well for you in the past. Avoid the temptation to keep up with others or to experiment with higher doses without understanding the risks.
- Start Low, Go Slow: Especially for first-timers, begin with a small dose and wait at least 30-60 minutes to gauge the effects before consuming more. This is particularly important with edibles, which can take time to manifest their full impact.
- Check Product Labels: Purchase cannabis from reputable dispensaries and carefully read product labels for THC content. Budtenders can help guide you toward products suitable for your tolerance level.
- Avoid High-Potency Edibles: Edibles can be deceptive in their strength and slow to act. Beginners should steer clear of potent edibles and opt for low-dose products until they understand their own response.
- Stay Hydrated and Nourished: Eating a meal and drinking water before using cannabis can help buffer the effects and reduce the risk of nausea and dizziness.
- Don’t Mix with Alcohol or Other Drugs: Combining substances increases the risk of adverse effects and makes it harder to manage symptoms if you do green out.
For more tips on responsible cannabis use, refer to the guidelines from SAMHSA.
What to Do If You “Green Out”
If you or a friend begins to experience the symptoms of greening out, the most important thing is to remain calm. While the experience can be frightening, it is rarely dangerous. Follow these steps to manage the situation:
- Stop Cannabis Consumption: Immediately cease using any more cannabis. This will prevent the symptoms from worsening.
- Find a Safe, Quiet Space: Move to a comfortable, quiet area away from crowds, bright lights, or loud noises. If you are outside, find a shady spot and sit or lie down.
- Rest and Relax: Lying down and closing your eyes can help ease dizziness and anxiety. Try to focus on your breathing—slow, deep breaths can calm both your mind and body.
- Hydrate: Sip water or a mild, non-caffeinated beverage. Hydration can help reduce headaches and support your body’s recovery.
- Eat Something Sweet: If possible, eat a small amount of sugar, such as fruit or chocolate. Some users find that this helps stabilize blood sugar and alleviates symptoms.
- Stay with a Trusted Friend: If you are not alone, let someone you trust know what’s happening. Having support can help you stay calm and get assistance if needed.
Remember, while the symptoms may be intense, they will pass. If you are ever in doubt or feel that your symptoms are severe or unusual, don’t hesitate to seek medical help.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
Most cases of greening out resolve on their own, but there are certain situations where medical intervention is necessary. You should seek professional help if:
- Loss of Consciousness: If someone faints or is unresponsive, immediate medical attention is required to rule out other causes and ensure their safety.
- Prolonged Symptoms: If nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or anxiety persist for more than 24 hours, or if symptoms worsen, consult a healthcare provider.
- Suspected Contaminants: If you suspect the cannabis may have been contaminated or laced with another substance, seek help immediately.
- Severe Mental Health Effects: Persistent anxiety, paranoia, or panic attacks that do not resolve may benefit from professional mental health support. Learn more about cannabis and mental health from the National Institute of Mental Health.
Is “Greening Out” Dangerous?
While greening out is rarely life-threatening, it can be extremely uncomfortable and frightening for those who experience it. The key risks associated with greening out are usually related to the symptoms themselves—such as falls from dizziness or injury during a panic attack—rather than any direct toxicity from THC. By staying informed, consuming responsibly, and knowing what to do if symptoms arise, most users can avoid serious consequences.
It’s important to remember that everyone’s body reacts differently to cannabis. Building tolerance, understanding your own limits, and choosing reputable products are the best ways to enjoy cannabis safely and avoid unpleasant experiences.
Get Support with Silicon Valley Recovery
If you or someone you know is struggling with cannabis use or experiencing frequent negative reactions like greening out, it may be time to seek professional help. Silicon Valley Recovery offers compassionate, evidence-based addiction treatment services tailored to your unique needs. Our experienced team provides support for substance use, mental health challenges, and recovery planning in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. Whether you’re seeking guidance for yourself or a loved one, our experts are here to help you reclaim your health and well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions About “Greening Out”
What does “greening out” mean?
Greening out refers to a set of unpleasant symptoms that occur when someone consumes more cannabis than their body can handle, especially THC. It often involves nausea, dizziness, anxiety, and sometimes vomiting or rapid heartbeat. While not life-threatening, it can be distressing and requires time and self-care to recover.
What are the main symptoms of greening out?
The most common symptoms include intense nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, sweating, a racing heart, anxiety, and sometimes panic attacks. The severity and combination of symptoms can vary depending on the individual and the amount of cannabis consumed.
How long does greening out last?
Most people recover from greening out within a few hours, especially if they stop consuming cannabis and rest. However, when edibles are involved, symptoms may persist for up to 24 hours. If you continue to feel unwell after a day, consider consulting a healthcare professional.
Who is most at risk of greening out?
Individuals new to cannabis, those with low THC tolerance, people with certain health conditions, or anyone consuming potent edibles or concentrates are at higher risk. Mixing cannabis with alcohol or other substances can also increase the likelihood of greening out.
What should I do if I or a friend greens out?
If you or someone else is greening out, stop all cannabis consumption immediately, move to a calm and safe environment, rest, hydrate, and eat something light or sweet if possible. If symptoms are severe or do not improve, seek medical help right away.
